Which nutrient's excess can contribute to cardiovascular disease?

Saturated fats are known to play a significant role in cardiovascular health. An excess intake of saturated fats can lead to increased levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in the blood. High LDL cholesterol is a risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis, a condition characterized by the buildup of fatty deposits in the arteries which can ultimately lead to heart disease and stroke.

Saturated fats are primarily found in animal products such as red meat, full-fat dairy, and certain plant oils (like coconut oil and palm oil). When these fats are consumed in large amounts, they can disrupt the lipid profile in the body, leading to inflammation and other metabolic issues that contribute to cardiovascular disease.

In the context of this question, the other nutrients listed do not have the same direct correlation with cardiovascular risk in the context of excess. While proteins, minerals, and carbohydrates are essential for health, they do not consistently relate to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease when consumed in moderation. For example, excess carbohydrates can lead to weight gain and other metabolic issues, but the direct mechanism through which saturated fats elevate cardiovascular risk is more clearly established. Therefore, saturated fats are particularly notable in discussions about heart health and dietary recommendations.