Which condition is most commonly associated with an increased urge to urinate at night in older adults?

Nocturia is a condition characterized by an increased frequency of urination at night, which is especially common in older adults. As people age, various physiological changes occur, including alterations in hormone levels that affect urine production. In older individuals, there may be increased urine output during the night due to decreased ability to concentrate urine and other factors such as age-related decline in kidney function and changes in fluid balance. These factors can lead to the need to wake during the night to urinate, thus making nocturia a prevalent issue among the elderly population.

In contrast, while urinary retention refers to the inability to completely empty the bladder, it is typically associated with infrequent urination rather than an increased urge. Urinary incontinence, which involves the involuntary leakage of urine, may cause nighttime accidents but does not specifically relate to increased urge to urinate. Similarly, urinary tract infections can lead to a frequent need to urinate but are not solely characterized by nighttime urgency and typically involve other symptoms such as pain or burning during urination. Thus, of the conditions listed, nocturia is the most accurate descriptor of increased nighttime urination in older adults.