What is the significance of folic acid during pregnancy?

Folic acid plays a crucial role during pregnancy primarily due to its ability to prevent neural tube defects. These defects occur when the neural tube, which forms the baby’s brain and spinal cord, does not close completely during the first few weeks of pregnancy. Adequate levels of folic acid are vital for proper DNA synthesis and cellular division, which are essential processes in the early stages of fetal development. As a result, a sufficient intake of folic acid prior to conception and during early gestation significantly reduces the risk of such defects, making it a recommended supplement for expectant mothers.

While folic acid also contributes to the production of red blood cells and has various benefits, its most critical and well-documented impact in the context of pregnancy is the prevention of neural tube defects.