What is cachexia?

Cachexia is a complex syndrome primarily characterized by severe weight loss and muscle wasting, often associated with chronic illnesses such as cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and heart failure. This condition is distinct from simple malnutrition or starvation, as it also involves systemic inflammation, metabolic changes, and a significant alteration in appetite and nutrient utilization.

The weight loss and muscle wasting in cachexia are not merely due to reduced caloric intake; rather, they result from an imbalance in protein synthesis and degradation processes within the body, leading to a catabolic state. Patients suffering from cachexia may struggle with fatigue and lethargy, but those symptoms themselves do not define the syndrome. Understanding cachexia is crucial because it can significantly affect treatment outcomes and the overall quality of life for individuals battling chronic diseases.