What are some consequences of malnutrition?

Malnutrition can have serious consequences that affect various aspects of health and well-being. One significant consequence is impaired growth, particularly in children, as a deficiency in essential nutrients can prevent normal development and lead to stunted growth. Additionally, malnutrition increases the risk of disease. When the body lacks vital nutrients, the immune system becomes weakened, making individuals more susceptible to infections and illnesses. The relationship between nutrition and disease resistance is well-established; a well-nourished body is better equipped to fend off pathogens and respond to health challenges.

In contrast to the correct answer, the other options suggest outcomes that are not associated with malnutrition. For example, weight gain and decreased energy do not capture the essence of malnutrition, as it often leads to weight loss or failure to thrive rather than gain. Improved immunity and enhanced physical performance are also contradictory to the effects of malnutrition, as a lack of proper nutrition typically detracts from these areas, rather than enhancing them. Thus, the consequences of malnutrition fundamentally compromise growth and increase susceptibility to disease, which aligns with the correct choice.