How do antioxidants benefit health?

Antioxidants offer numerous health benefits primarily by neutralizing free radicals, which are unstable molecules that can cause oxidative damage to cells and tissues in the body. Free radicals are byproducts of normal metabolic processes, as well as factors such as pollution, radiation, and certain foods. When free radicals accumulate, they can lead to cellular damage, contributing to the development of various diseases, including cancer, heart disease, and neurodegenerative conditions.

Antioxidants, found in many fruits, vegetables, nuts, and whole grains, work by donating electrons to free radicals, thus stabilizing them and preventing further damage. This process helps maintain cellular integrity and supports overall health. Additionally, a diet rich in antioxidants can enhance the body's immune response, reduce inflammation, and improve longevity.

The other options do not accurately represent the role of antioxidants or their benefits. Increasing metabolic rate, promoting weight gain, and boosting cholesterol levels are not functions of antioxidants; rather, these are influenced by various dietary and lifestyle factors unrelated to the action of antioxidants in combating oxidative stress.