How can excessive sodium intake affect the body?

Excessive sodium intake is primarily linked to hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure. When sodium levels in the body rise, it can result in the retention of water to dilute the excess sodium. This increased fluid volume puts additional pressure on the walls of blood vessels, leading to elevated blood pressure. Persistent hypertension can eventually strain the heart and arteries, increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as heart attacks and strokes.

While the other options presented may touch on various health aspects, they do not directly connect with the well-established relationship between high sodium consumption and heart-related health risks, reinforcing the significance of monitoring sodium intake for maintaining cardiovascular health.